This is an exciting moment for markets. U.S. equities are sitting at all‑time highs, powered by a very real, very palpable optimism about technology and the possibilities of tomorrow. Some of the brightest minds in the world are sketching out futures that sound like science fiction: data centers orbiting the earth, human colonies on Mars, and swarms of AI agents sophisticated enough to make us question our own relevance. Yet this same wave of technological optimism tends to

The true philosophical and academic origin of value investing lies with Benjamin Graham, an investor and professor at Columbia Business School. "An investment operation is one which, upon thorough analysis, promises safety of principal and a satisfactory return. Operations not meeting these requirements are speculative." - Benjamin Graham Buffett was Graham's student at Columbia in the early 1950s and later worked for Graham's investment firm. In interviews, Buffett has rep

This summer, while flipping burgers at a backyard barbeque, the conversation turned to markets. Within minutes, someone leaned over and...